Showing posts with label history of medicine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history of medicine. Show all posts

9/20/2012

The Strange Case of the Broad Street Pump: John Snow and the Mystery of Cholera Review

The Strange Case of the Broad Street Pump: John Snow and the Mystery of Cholera
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Broad Street Pump is a good book about how the mystery of the Cholera outbreaks was solved by a determined doctor. During the 19th Century, there were 3 great pandemics that killed large numbers of people in Asia & Europe. The primary killer was cholera, a disease for which there was no known cure.
One physician who sought a cure for cholera was John Snow who was a disciplined individual who suffered from the disdain of the British medical profession. Snow's research led him to the conclusion that cholera's spread was through contaminated drinking water.
In Snow's "grand experiment" he identified a contaminated pump and disabled it and by doing so began the defeat of the disease in London. Snow's work also furthered the development of germ theory and helped debunk the widely held theory of spontaneous generation of diseases.
This is a good book.

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9/13/2012

Axel Munthe: The Road to San Michele Review

Axel Munthe: The Road to San Michele
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Axel Munthe was world famous for his healing powers. He travelled
in colourful circles in Europe. Respected for his character and
personality with friends and patients.
He spent many years working as a physician in Southern Italy,
labouring with earthquake disasters and typhus and cholera. During this time he found the ruined Tiberian villa of San Michele.
Restored it to a beautiful home. He wrote "THE STORY OF SAN MICHELE," the book has become an international bestseller.Bengt Jangfeldt's book says it all, the ROAD to San Michele is a must
read to come to grips with this extraordinary individual:AXEL MUNTHE
Dag Stomberg
St. Andrews, Scotland

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Axel Munthe: The Road to San Michele tells for the first time the riveting life-story of an extraordinary individual, who came to define the times he lived in. The precociously bright son of a Swedish pharmacist, Axel Munthe worked under Jean Martin Charcot, and in 1880, became the youngest doctor in French history. By the 1890s, he was world-famous for his healing powers, believed by some to be supernatural. He moved in the most colourful and exalted circles of fin-de-siècle Europe, counting amongst his friends Henry James, Howard Carter, Rainer Maria Rilke, Lady Ottoline Morrell and Count Zeppelin. Though physician to the Swedish court, where he became the lover of the Crown Princess Victoria, Munthe was more at home with nature than with people. He travelled through remotest Lapland, as well as across Europe, and his great love was animals, which he went to great lengths to protect. In 1929 he published The Story of San Michele, an account of his life, shot through with his love for Italy and Capri, where he built a bird sanctuary and the house of his dreams, the Villa San Michele. The book became an international best seller, translated into 40 languages, and has become one of the classics of the last century. Bengt Jangfeldt is the first person to have gone through Munthe's diaries, letters and notebooks to produce this definitive account of one of 20th Century Europe's most vibrant figures. Written with the verve and exuberance of its subject, Axel Munthe: The Road to San Michele evokes a lost time, a life of passions, and a man who believed in every sense in the power of dreams.

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9/06/2012

The House of Hope and Fear: Life in a Big City Hospital Review

The House of Hope and Fear: Life in a Big City Hospital
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Dr. Young's new book is an engaging account of life at the large mission-driven county hospital in Seattle. I spent most of my 3rd year med school rotations there myself 12 years ago and am now working in a mission-driven community health center 18 miles away. My desire to serve the poor was a direct result of the dedication from the doctors and staff that I witnessed at Harborview. Now, I spend more than half my time educating and mentoring medical students and I plan on incorporating this book into our 2nd year curriculum.
The stories are diverse: some are about incredible patients and their challenging situations - socially, medically, psychologically; some are really more about the ethical dilemmas faced by providers, and faced by patient's families; other stories point out the inequities in healthcare, while demonstrating how this institution has creatively found a way to thrive financially while serving the least able to pay.
Most importantly to me - this book is hugely interesting, well written, easy to read, hard to put down and deserving of high praise. The reason this book is so good and the messages conveyed so well is that Dr. Young has incredible skill at portraying the humanity of her subjects. This is a book of true characters; unforgettable characters. The characters are patients, their loved ones and families, the infamous ER director, a remarkable specialist in nephrology, Dr. Young herself, and the staff of the hospital. I read their stories and can picture them on a gurney, in their offices, on the wards, in the ER; I can smell the smells again; and hear the sounds in the ICU.
This text can easily and effectively (each chapter is pretty well able to stand on its own as a separate reading - though together it reads as a cohesive story) be used regularly with medical students and public health and policy students - the examples in it are perfect for igniting debate about healthcare inequality, social justice, medical ethics, professional development, difficult patients, allocation of resources and care for the underserved.

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Opening with the view of an idealistic, young doctor entering her first post-graduate job at the local county hospital, The House of Hope and Fear explores not only the personal journey of one doctor's life and career, but also examines the health care system as a whole. The county hospital setting provides the author with a second education. With clear, eloquent text, she chronicles attempts made to treat those tossed aside by society along with the personal and ideological shifts that accompany this daunting task. All of the political aspects of the hospital's executive board are detailed in a gripping account of the hospital's inner workings, and a human face is expertly given to the healthcare crisis in America.

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9/03/2012

A history of public health (MD monographs on medical history) Review

A history of public health (MD monographs on medical history)
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George Rosen's chronology of the development of public health in A History of Public Health is a MUST read for not only public health professionals, but clinicians, health administrators and any one even remotely interested in how mankind has responded to the threat of infectious disease. His very detailed presentation of the facts takes the reader back to the study of Hippocrates as he wrote the epic writings of EPIDEMICS I, EPIDEMICS II, and AIRS, WATERS AND PLACES. By placing the reader within the historical context of the period he is reviewing, the reader gains a better understanding and appreciation for the actions (or in some cases, IN-actions) of key individuals and governments. Mr. Rosen very eloquently describes how this area of PUBLIC HEALTH is actually a multi-disciplinary science, which consists of medicine, social science and others (such as engineering, public administration and economics). Rosen's unique style of presenting the facts is very direct, concise and full of detail. His thorough examination of the elements that contributed to what we know as PUBLIC HEALTH today, is thorough and informative. If there must be one weakness of the book, it is that this is a complete chronology of public health as viewed through a WESTERN, positivist view. Very little is mentioned on Eastern, traditionalist medicine in any form or fashion. However, one of the most comprehensive books on this subject ever written and one that is a MUST for all involved in the public health field.

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9/01/2012

Seeking the Cure: A History of Medicine in America Review

Seeking the Cure: A History of Medicine in America
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I was rereading a wonderful old novel by H. G. Wells, "The History of Mr. Polly." Mr. Polly's father dies, and Wells says: "...the local practitioner still clung to his theory that it was imagination he suffered from, but compromised in the certificate with the appendicitis that was then so fashionable." Why was appendicitis "fashionable?"
If someone asked you to fill in the blank quickly in the sentence "The surgeon performed an _________" you would probably say "appendectomy." Yet it isn't such a terribly common operation today. Why is it the ur-operation, the one always used for purposes of hypothetical illustration. Why appendectomies?
I saw "Seeking the Cure" and dipped into it to see whether it had an answer. It did, or at least as close to an answer as you'd ever get. It was a confluence of events. I hadn't realized that abdominal surgery had once been a medical taboo, with a nearly 100% mortality rate. Antisepsis ("Listerism") and anesthesia made it safe. It had once been extremely difficult to diagnose. I hadn't really thought of centrifuges, microscopes and blood counts as being a breakthrough in modern technology, but of course they were, part of the medical technology revolution that emerged from World War I. And they made it possible to diagnose appendicitis reliably. And there was one influential surgeon who promoted the idea that it was a surgeon's disease, that appendicitis "belonged to" the surgeon. Hospitals and surgeons found appendectomies to be lucrative, and they became almost a fad; Rutkow cites a hospital in which 1/5th of all operations performed were appendectomies.
Well, I was hooked. The book fascinated me. For me, it had just the right amount of detail, just the right balance between popular storytelling and serious history, just the right blend of attention to personality, to technology, and to organizational dynamics. Rutkow interleaves the narrative with short profiles of historically important individuals--with glimpses of their personality.
I was fascinated by his description of the way hospitals in the 1920s were transformed into technology centers where patients were sent for diagnosis--to be "worked up"--as well as for treatment. Hospitals positioned labs centrally and put windows in their labs so visitors would be sure to see how up-to-date they were, much as businesses once showcased their computer facilities.
To give one example of how he illuminates history: Why did Medicare finally pass under Johnson? Because the AMA, which had doggedly opposed any form of national health insurance, was weakening. Why was the AMA weakening? Because it primarily represent generalists, and lost influence with the rise of the specialists after World War II. What did World War II have to do with the rise of the specialist? (In part) because the military decided to assign specialists to higher pay grades, thus putting a sort of institutional endorsement of specialization.
I don't know how the book would strike a serious medical historian, but as an introduction for the curious layperson like me it is first rate.

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8/18/2012

Learning to Heal: Development of American Medical Education Review

Learning to Heal: Development of American Medical Education
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This book is highly recommended to members of the academic medical profession and in particular those who sit on admission committees. As the author notes in the introduction, the reason for the book was to bring to the fore the fact that medical school was an educatiional process of learning to heal and not a technical training institute. This initial phase is critical for it must last a lifetime.
The fourteen chapters, some of which are previous articles, move from early days to the present. He comments and describes the education scene in early America, the role of the German system, the birth of modern academic medicine and its associated teaching hospital and some assorted ones on finance, state laws, and organized medicine.
The writting is relaxed and clear allowing the book to be read with pleasure and value. The facts are clearly presented in support of his story of the developement of American medical education, warts and all. There are some wonderful word pictures of early days when medical education was not what what we would like to think was in our past.
Hihgly recommended to all MD's but in particular to those with a concern for education and the selection of candidates.

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7/07/2012

Time to Heal: American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care Review

Time to Heal: American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care
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Time to Heal surveys the state of American medical education from the turn of the century to modern HMO times, providing a sweeping survey of American medical education in modern times and examining how American medical education evolved. From the transformation of medical schools and student learning processes to social programs which affected research, this provides an important history for any aspiring medical student.

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7/02/2012

The Good Doctors: The Medical Committee for Human Rights and the Struggle for Social Justice in Health Care Review

The Good Doctors: The Medical Committee for Human Rights and the Struggle for Social Justice in Health Care
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John Dittmer relates the history and development of the Medical Committee for Human Rights and the involvement of the Committee and its members in not only the civil rights movement, but in every "social justice" movement of the 1960s and early 1970s. His stated intent was to give credit to the medical professionals who put themselves into difficult and sometimes dangerous situations in the interest of advancing medical care to blacks, to the poor, and to anyone deprived of access to care because of his or her status in the community. Unfortunately, despite the author's apparent substantial knowledge of the era, the book is so poorly written that it can only leave the interested reader frustrated.
At the outset, many scenes and individuals were described in a way that made me feel they were being flashed on a screen. I have read a few books about the civil rights movement, but only after I had read about two-thirds of the book did I have a real sense of who were the significant individual participants in the movement. Someone with no prior knowledge of the events of the times would be at a complete loss to understand and follow the narrative.
There are occasional glimpses of how good this book and the telling of this story could be. Chapter 6, The Last March, and Chapter 7, The War at Home, are focused and cohesive. Most of the rest of the book, however, gave the impression of reading newspaper or magazine reports that were thrown together in an attempt to write a book. The writing was anecdotal. Analysis was lacking and there were often sweeping generalizations resulting in unsupported conclusions. Transitions between chapters, and sometimes between paragraphs, were choppy and bordered on the illogical.
For those of us interested in the civil rights movement and social justice issues of the era, the subject the author tries to illuminate holds great interest. Perhaps Dittmer wrote this book in a rush. Certainly his editors did him no favors. The information is there; I would like to see the author "take a Mulligan" and do it over.

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The untold story of the courageous doctors and nurses who fought the battle for racial justice in hospitals, in clinics, and on the streets in the 1960s.

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6/27/2012

Cheating Death: The Doctors and Medical Miracles that Are Saving Lives Against All Odds Review

Cheating Death: The Doctors and Medical Miracles that Are Saving Lives Against All Odds
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Cheating Death is an incredibly well-organized, informative and educational little tome. It reads like a novelized cross between a discovery health special and an episode of Rescue 911. The drama is there as Gupta details harrowing stories of near death intermixed with an accounting of the scientific possibility and theory surrounding all things death related. Along with chapters detailing new findings about CPR and the benefits of hypothermic treatment, Gupta surprises with medically dubious topics such as suspended animation, life after death, and miracles. It makes for a bizarre combination of topics, and an even more interesting read. The author utilizes an odd blend of first, second and third person narration which awkwardly works for the material. Gupta resists taking sides in any scientific debate allowing the heroic doctors, anecdotal cases, and studies to speak for him. Cheating Death covers a lot of technical subject matter, some of which is life saving information, but Gupta takes the time to walk the lay person through his terminology. I can not think of anyone who would not benefit from this read.

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6/26/2012

Doctors: The Illustrated History of Medical Pioneers Review

Doctors: The Illustrated History of Medical Pioneers
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Sherwin Nuland's writings like How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter, How We Live, The Mysteries Within: A Surgeon Explores Myth, Medicine, and the Human Body and particularly, Doctors: The Biography of Medicine have set a very high standard for medical non-fiction and paticularly for popular books on the history of medicine. This new book does not bring much new information forward that cannot be found in "Doctors" but the lavish illustrations are very nice and include many that I've never seen before.
The book chronologically presents the great personalities, geniuses, egos, and spectacularly disfunctional people who have brought us Western medicine. Dr. Nuland is definitely a champion of viewing medical history as a history of progressing from ignorance to enlightenment but he is very cognizant to put each medical discovery in the context of its time and not to judge by modern standards of scientific accuracy. Rather, he traces how the use of experiment and observation have been key to the development of effective healing throughout the ages. When discussing Galen and Vesalius it is difficult for the reader not to echo his irritation as he describes the fourteen centuries of blind obedience to authority before Vesalius wrote the "Fabrica".
While this topic may sound very dry and academic, I find his writing to be easily-paced and readable. This book could be viewed as a companion piece to "Doctors" but it stands well on its own primarily due to the illustrations, which are missing entirely from "Doctors."

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National Book Award-winner and surgeon Sherwin B. Nuland tells the extraordinary story of the development of modern medicine through compelling studies of the great innovators and pioneers. Artfully selected illustrations bring the history of medicine to life as never before. This brilliant collection of life portraits of physicianscientists shows how their deeds and determination paved the way for future breakthroughs in medicine. Ranging from the legendary father of medicine, Hippocrates, to Helen Taussig, the founder of pediatric cardiology, the book is filled with the spirit of ideas and the thrill of discovery. Other medical pioneers profiled include Galen, Andreas Vesalius, Ambroise Paré, William Harvey, Giovanni Morgagni, John Hunter, René Laennec, Ignac Semmelweis, Rudolf Virchow, Joseph Lister, and William Stewart Halsted. Artwork and photography are married to Nuland's vivid narrative here for the first time, turning a "reading" book by a bestselling author into a treasured gift book for medical professionals and science enthusiasts.

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6/10/2012

Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure Review

Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure
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As a medical student at the University of Chicago, Forgive and Remember helped shape my view of what good, caring physicians need to do when policing their own. I am currently on the quality assurance committees at three hospitals where I practice. I am buying several copies of Forgive and Remember for my committee colleagues who have not read this book.
The temptations of money over our patient's best interest, the medical malpractice environment, and the difficulties of practicing medicine in the era of managed care have made it diffuclt for well intentioned physicians to make a difference in the quality of care provided in our communities. I think this book will help me and my colleagues fufill the responsibilities the hospitals and our commununities have given us.
I truly believe all health care providers, attorneys involved with medical malpractice cases, and people interested in the delivery of healthcare need to read this book. It brings into perspective how all health care providers, from surgeons to orderlies, are human and make mistakes. It also shows how some mistakes are hard to forgive. As physicians we have to take this into account while assuring we always keep the interest of all patients, our own and those of other physicians, are well looked after.
I hope that in my local community all people will trust that their health care providers, despite the outcome of their care, did a good, competent job. Everyone alive, including physicians and our families, will someday become a patient.
In life it is important for all of us to learn from our mistakes.

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On its initial publication, Forgive and Remember emerged as the definitive study of the training and lives of young surgeons. Now with an extensive new preface, epilogue, and appendix by the author, reflecting on the changes that have taken place since the book's original publication, this updated second edition of Charles L. Bosk's classic study is as timely as ever.

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5/17/2012

A Short History of Medical Ethics Review

A Short History of Medical Ethics
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Although I have just read two chapters of this book, I found that it's a good book for Chinese bioethics teachers and students.

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5/14/2012

American Medical Association Manual of Style : A Guide for Authors and Editors (AMA) Review

American Medical Association Manual of Style : A Guide for Authors and Editors (AMA)
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The specific goal of the American Medical Association Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors is to codify and collect the myriad instructions, rules, and dictums that AMA applies to the many journals, books, and other publications that are printed under its imprint. The more general goal, perhaps not stated, is to broaden the influence of those standards so they encompass more of the medical publishing community.
The book, developed by a committee of writers, editors, and publishers, is organized around five major categories, Preparing an Article for Publication, Style, Terminology, Measurement and Quantitation, and Technical Information. Each of these categories is, in turn, broken down into chapters that probe various aspects of each category. Finding information is easy, and the writers have used examples generously to make the points clear.
The first section, Preparing an Article for Publication, is, naturally slanted more toward authors and those who toil to prepare author's manuscripts for publication. There are many guidelines offering advice that ranges from preparing the abstract to preparing any of six different types of acknowledgments. Editors and copy editors would do well to review this chapter as well. The section on citing Web sites alone is crucial reading.
I suspect, but cannot prove, that many researchers will not read deeply beyond the opening chapter, feeling that the remaining sections are more the province of copy editors and journal editors. Perhaps there is some merit to that line of thinking, but all authors in the medical sciences would benefit from the copious advice here, and the better writers, I'm sure, do follow the principles of grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and usage set forth in the section on style. Common mistakes, such as confusing case and patient, redundancies, and the ever so ticklish topic of race/ethnicity are some of the many points discussed thoroughly.
The section on terminology is so mind-bogglingly detailed that all one can hope to do is remember that the AMA Style Guide will almost always have the answer if you have a question about an abbreviation (how many times is something mistakenly called an acronym instead of an initialism?), medical nomenclature (a huge chapter that is the heart of the book), or eponyms (which, thanks to this guide may now be a topic we can quit haggling over).
Measurement and Quantitation continue to be a bane for many writers and editors, though without delving too much into specifics, let's say that this section will answer most questions but not without careful reading and perhaps a look at the Chicago Manual of Style for a bit clearer presentation on this topic. The chapter on statistics, unique to this guide, notes how to express confidence intervals, confirms that the word Student in Student t test is capitalized (sorry, but this text editor on Amazon.com does not display the italic t), provides a list of statistical symbols and abbreviations, and offers valuable tips about displaying equations. And those examples barely hint at the wealth of information here.
A final section on technical information provides a thumbnail guide to good layout and design of printed materials, worthy sets both of copyediting marks and proofreading marks (which are no doubt often photocopied and posted in a visible location), an excellent primer on how to edit hard copy, and a glossary of publishing terms.
If you are a medical writer or editor, odds are that you already either have a copy of this guide or you borrow one from a colleague. If you are an aspiring medical communicator, you will need your own copy so you can mark in it, attach tabs, and leave open on your desk.

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The latest edition features an expanded chapter on legal and ethical concerns in publishing. Readers will also find an extensive chapter on statistics, a completely updated chapter on nomenclature, new policies for eponyms and numbers styles, a larger references section, an expanded discussion of inclusive language and abbreviations, and a larger section on figures and tables. A new section on typography is also featured, along with current information on electronic publishing, encompassing rapid changes affecting the publishing environment. End-of-chapter references make the book easier to use, and the entire text is reviewed by more than 70 editors for accuracy and dependability.

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3/06/2012

Cultures of Plague: Medical Thought at the End of the Renaissance Review

Cultures of Plague: Medical Thought at the End of the Renaissance
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The Black Death struck Europe in the fourteenth century, killing hundreds of millions of people. There was little understanding of even the most basic causes and effects that might have been involved in the spread of the disease. It is not true, however, that the scientific insights about disease that were to start in the Enlightenment and continue to our own times represented the first understanding of the plague as something other than a magical curse or a lesson from God. In Italy, the plague recurred in an epidemic from 1575 to 1578, and during this particular outbreak, people began some primitive but essential epidemiology and even societal treatment. This is the surprising lesson of _Cultures of Plague: Medical Thinking at the End of the Renaissance_ (Oxford University Press) by Samuel K. Cohn, Jr., an astonishingly detailed look at the beginnings of an intellectual revolution. The author, a specialist in the Italian Renaissance and in the history of disease, reminds us that there was "no simple binary progression from a supposed premodern to modern medical thought." The doctors, medical workers, and even gatekeepers in the middle of the plague in Milan, Padua, and Venice observed, looked at the illness in new ways, and wrote about what they saw.
The writings are essential to Cohn's study, and represent a basic shift in the way the plague was documented. Barber-surgeons might write about the plague, and drug-sellers, merchants, lawyers, artisans, clerics, and minor officials all got into the act, a printed resource which Cohn has mined as the bibliographical backbone of his book, "a wide spectrum of authors from cardinals to cobblers, in prose and verse." The tracts from this time were not just in academic Latin but in the vernacular. Now doctors had a new confidence, and it was gained in part by disregarding ancient teachings. Experience and even experimentation began to be stressed. It seems like a small step, but doctors began documenting that mortality was occurring within households, getting an idea of the concept of contagion and disease transmitted from one person to another rather than being "miasmic," transmitted by air that was somehow bad. There were attempts to explain why the poor were disproportionately affected. One author wrote that plague struck the lower classes because they were "forced to eat bad and corrupt food, stinky bread, grass, and unknown roots". The poor could not count upon clean water; polluted water began to be recognized as a cause of disease. The poor lived in filth; there was lack of plumbing in their houses, buckets of excrement were kept under the beds, the windows (if any) were sealed, and dirt accumulated. Seeing the social effects of the plague in this new way resulted in new ways of treatment. "To judge from their published treatises," writes Cohn, "the crisis of 1575 fundamentally altered doctors' approach to and thinking about plagues from the individual patient to the community." The causes of plague were social, so the solutions had to be political. Recommendations were made about how the cities ought to issue decrees about administering the sick, building new hospitals, enacting quarantines, cleaning the streets, executing those who dealt in infected goods, and other public measures. At least some of these decrees were put into action, and in addition, charity to improve the lot of the poor was enforced. There was a place for religious processions and other ceremonies, but secular governments were in charge of making practical changes. The point of view developed in this outbreak attributed any triumph over disease to rulers and civil servants, the subjects of many subsequent literary celebrations.
Of course the doctors and citizens had no real knowledge of the disease roles of rats, fleas, and _Yersinia pestis_, but the capacity to look at clinical evidence without the burden of forcing it into ancient medical theories did enable some important changes, and was a foundation for better understanding as the centuries went on. Cohn, in an erudite and beautifully organized book, has cited a multitude of tracts, and quoted many of them here to show the beginnings of these initial ideas about how governments should involve themselves in the administration of health procedures for their citizens. Four centuries later, we are still trying to answer the same question for our own times.


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Cultures of Plague opens a new chapter in the history of medicine. Neither the plague nor the ideas it stimulated were static, fixed in a timeless Galenic vacuum over five centuries, as historians and scientists commonly assume. As plague evolved in its pathology, modes of transmission, and the social characteristics of its victims, so too did medical thinking about plague develop. This study of plague imprints from academic medical treatises to plague poetry highlights the most feared and devastating epidemic of the sixteenth-century, one that threatened Italy top to toe from 1575 to 1578 and unleashed an avalanche of plague writing. From erudite definitions, remote causes, cures and recipes, physicians now directed their plague writings to the prince and discovered their most 'valiant remedies' in public health: strict segregation of the healthy and ill, cleaning streets and latrines, addressing the long-term causes of plague-poverty. Those outside the medical profession joined the chorus. In the heartland of Counter-Reformation Italy, physicians along with those outside the profession questioned the foundations of Galenic and Renaissance medicine, even the role of God. Assaults on medieval and Renaissance medicine did not need to await the Protestant-Paracelsian alliance of seventeenth-century in northern Europe. Instead, creative forces planted by the pandemic of 1575-8 sowed seeds of doubt and unveiled new concerns and ideas within that supposedly most conservative form of medical writing, the plague tract. Relying on health board statistics and dramatized with eyewitness descriptions of bizarre happenings, human misery, and suffering, these writers created the structure for plague classics of the eighteenth century, and by tracking the contagion's complex and crooked paths, they anticipated trends of nineteenth-century epidemiology.

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12/20/2011

In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation Review

In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation
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This is a book that is truly terrifying some of the time, but ultimately it's marred by unsupported conjecture and scare tactics. Goliszek shows us that there is indeed a long and shameful history of medical experimentation on humans, dating as far back as medicine itself. In modern times there is still much unethical and often illegal experimentation on humans taking place by the government and corporations. And you guessed it - the human subjects are usually minorities, the handicapped, coerced military personnel, and uninformed volunteers. Strangely, these days lab animals have more rights than human subjects. Much of this book builds a deserved sense of outrage about these ongoing atrocities.
Unfortunately, the entire book doesn't hold up, becoming a repetitive tirade of unsupported opinions and scare tactics from Goliszek, attempting to force the reader's sense of outrage to the point of absurdity. A major issue is Goliszek's lack of notes and citations, regardless of a very extensive bibliography, because the reader cannot tell documented facts from the author's opinions. In the text Goliszek often adds extensive background to many tales of experimentation, sometimes down to the level of government document numbers. But strangely, in other narratives there is no information given whatsoever, so you have no way of knowing how much the story is embellished by the author. One example among many is a horror story in chapter 4 about radioactive iodine being injected into healthy infants, with no times, locations, or names given.
Meanwhile, conjecture and opinionating sinks much of the book. For example, in chapter 3 Goliszek brands Planned Parenthood as a eugenics organization, merely because the group's founder was involved in that movement almost a century ago. In chapter 5 the testimony of people subjected to unethical medical experiments is given verbatim, as if this were adequate documentation of atrocities, though there is no evidence that the people are telling the whole truth, and at least one shows signs of inaccurate repressed memory syndrome. Chapter 8 presents a parade of conspiracy theories about the origins of AIDS that leads nowhere. Goliszek's book is a potential powerhouse, and some of it has the desired effect, but overall his motives become very questionable. Public education or scare tactics? [~doomsdayer520~]

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11/24/2011

Medical Firsts: From Hippocrates to the Human Genome Review

Medical Firsts: From Hippocrates to the Human Genome
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As a lay person, I cautiously picked up Medical Firsts thinking I wouldn't understand a word. Surprise, surprise. I not only understood, but was blown away by what I didn't know. Adler made the lives and works of medical pioneers who laid the ground work for what we all take for granted come alive for me. Since I've actively repelled anything remotely connected to science all my life, almost every page had a "wow" factor.
The short chapters made it a lot more readable for me as a science challenged reader. With so much new info, I was grateful to pause after each one to appreciate the enormity of the discovery. I developed a reverence and gratituide to those who overcame enormous social barriers and fought, amazingly, the same hurdles that impede progress today - fear of change, fear of the unknown.
Thanks to Adler, I just might tiptoe back into new bookstore aisles.

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11/14/2011

Post-Mortem: Solving History's Great Medical Mysteries Review

Post-Mortem: Solving History's Great Medical Mysteries
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I ordered this book hoping for the kind of in-depth medical research and analysis that I enjoy reading. I was not disappointed. Each chapter is very thorough and detailed in its description and analysis of the "patient" and their condition. I can't state that the author has solved all these mysteries, but that's not what made this book enjoyable. It was the quality of medical information and the very scientific look at the lives of these historical figures. The details of their illnesses bring them to light as human beings rather than just figures of history.

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Their lives changed history. Their deaths were mysteries, until now! Post-Mortem: Solving History's Great Medical Mysteries by Philip A. Mackowiak, MD, FACP, examines the controversial lives and deaths of 12 famous men and women. Post-Mortem answers vexing questions such as: Was Alexander the Great a victim of West Nile virus? What caused the gruesome final illness of King Herod? Was Joan of Arc mentally ill during her heresy trial? Could syphillis have made Beethoven deaf? Did Edgar Allan Poe drink himself to death? This new book also investigates the mysterious deaths of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten, the Greek statesman and general Pericles, the Roman Emperor Claudius, Christopher Columbus, Mozart, Florence Nightingale, and Booker T. Washington. Post-Mortem traces 3,500 years of medical history from the perspective of what contemporary physicians thought about the diseases of their renowned patients and how they might have treated them. It follows the case history format of today's clinical pathologic conferences, describing the characteristics of the illnesses in question, and bringing to life the medical history, social history, family history, and physical examination of their famous victims. Post-Mortem then sifts through the medical evidence, testing a wide range of diagnostic theories against the known facts and today's best scientific research, to arrive at the diagnosis most consistent with the illness described in the historic record.

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